2022-09-30 11:07

戈尔巴乔夫的婚姻,就像他的政治一样,打破了这种模式

President Ro<em></em>nald Reagan and first lady Nancy Reagan greet Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his wife Raisa outside the White House before a State Dinner, Dec. 8, 1987. When Mikhail Gorbachev is buried Saturday at Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery, he will o<em></em>nce again be next to his wife, Raisa, with whom he shared the world stage in a visibly close and loving marriage that was unprecedented for a Soviet leader. Gorbachev's very public devotion to his family broke the stuffy mold of previous Soviet leaders, just as his openness to political reform did.Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, holds his wife Raisa's hand as they arrive at the State Department in Washington on Dec. 9, 1987 for a luncheon in their honor. When Mikhail Gorbachev is buried Saturday at Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery, he will o<em></em>nce again be next to his wife, Raisa, with whom he shared the world stage in a visibly close and loving marriage that was unprecedented for a Soviet leader. Gorbachev's very public devotion to his family broke the stuffy mold of previous Soviet leaders, just as his openness to political reform did.Mrs. Raisa Gorbachev flanked by her husband on the right, and Mrs. R. Venkatarman, wife of India President, on the left, beams with a fashio<em></em>nable dress as they gathered at the welcome ceremony, Friday, Nov. 18, 1988 in New Delhi, India. Gorbachevs arrive for a three-day official visit. When Mikhail Gorbachev is buried Saturday at Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery, he will o<em></em>nce again be next to his wife, Raisa, with whom he shared the world stage in a visibly close and loving marriage that was unprecedented for a Soviet leader. Gorbachev's very public devotion to his family broke the stuffy mold of previous Soviet leaders, just as his openness to political reform did.Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev and his wife Raisa stroll to the polling place near their residence in Moscow on Sunday, March 26, 1989. When Mikhail Gorbachev is buried Saturday at Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery, he will o<em></em>nce again be next to his wife, Raisa, with whom he shared the world stage in a visibly close and loving marriage that was unprecedented for a Soviet leader. Gorbachev's very public devotion to his family broke the stuffy mold of previous Soviet leaders, just as his openness to political reform did.Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his wife Raisa pose for photographers during a tour of the Great Wall in Beijing, China, Wednesday, May 17, 1989. When Mikhail Gorbachev is buried Saturday at Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery, he will o<em></em>nce again be next to his wife, Raisa, with whom he shared the world stage in a visibly close and loving marriage that was unprecedented for a Soviet leader. Gorbachev's very public devotion to his family broke the stuffy mold of previous Soviet leaders, just as his openness to political reform did.East German State and Party Leader Erich Honackar, right, smiles when toasting with Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev, center, and Raisa Gorbachev, Saturday, Oct. 7, 1989 in Eastern Berlin, Eastern Germany. When Mikhail Gorbachev is buried Saturday at Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery, he will o<em></em>nce again be next to his wife, Raisa, with whom he shared the world stage in a visibly close and loving marriage that was unprecedented for a Soviet leader. Gorbachev's very public devotion to his family broke the stuffy mold of previous Soviet leaders, just as his openness to political reform did.Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, with his wife Raisa at left, talks with spectators during a walk through an outdoor pedestrian mall in Ottawa, Tuesday, May 29, 1990. Gorbachev was in Canada for a two-day visit before heading to Washington for the 1990 superpower summit. When Mikhail Gorbachev is buried Saturday at Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery, he will o<em></em>nce again be next to his wife, Raisa, with whom he shared the world stage in a visibly close and loving marriage that was unprecedented for a Soviet leader. Gorbachev's very public devotion to his family broke the stuffy mold of previous Soviet leaders, just as his openness to political reform did.President George Bush and his wife Barbara, pose with Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and his wife, Raisa, as they arrive for the state dinner at the White House in Washington on Thursday, May 31, 1990. When Mikhail Gorbachev is buried Saturday at Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery, he will o<em></em>nce again be next to his wife, Raisa, with whom he shared the world stage in a visibly close and loving marriage that was unprecedented for a Soviet leader. Gorbachev's very public devotion to his family broke the stuffy mold of previous Soviet leaders, just as his openness to political reform did.Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, right, and his wife Raisa co<em></em>ngratulate Soviet Natio<em></em>nal Orchestra director Yeugueni Svetlanov after attending a co<em></em>ncert by his orchestra on Saturday, Oct. 27, 1990 in Madrid, Spain.When Mikhail Gorbachev is buried Saturday at Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery, he will o<em></em>nce again be next to his wife, Raisa, with whom he shared the world stage in a visibly close and loving marriage that was unprecedented for a Soviet leader. Gorbachev's very public devotion to his family broke the stuffy mold of previous Soviet leaders, just as his openness to political reform did.

当米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫(Mikhail Gorbachev)周六在莫斯科新世相公墓(Novodevichy Cemetery)下葬时,他将再次站在妻子赖莎(Raisa)的身旁。他与妻子以一种明显亲密而充满爱的婚姻共享世界舞台,这对苏联领导人来说是前所未有的。

“他们是真正的一对。她是他的一部分,几乎总是在他身边,”1999年,时任德国总理的赫尔穆特·科尔(Helmut Kohl)在莱莎的葬礼上说。戈尔巴乔夫在葬礼上公开哭泣。“如果没有他的妻子,他所取得的许多成就是无法想象的。”

戈尔巴乔夫对家庭的公开奉献打破了前苏联领导人的古板模式,就像他对政治改革的开放一样。

“他爱一个女人胜过爱他的工作。我认为,如果他的双手沾满鲜血,他就不可能拥抱她。”诺贝尔和平奖得主、俄罗斯主要独立报纸《新报》(Novaya Gazeta)编辑德米特里•穆拉托夫(Dmitry Muratov)写道。该酒店由戈尔巴乔夫共同拥有,在莫斯科入侵乌克兰后,迫于官方压力被迫关闭。

“我们应该永远记住,”穆拉托夫继续说,“他爱一个女人胜过他的工作,他把人权置于国家之上,他重视和平的天空胜过个人权力。”

戈尔巴乔夫对家庭的公开依恋,也与俄罗斯现任领导人普京总统私生活的保密形成了鲜明对比。

拉莎·戈尔巴乔夫则为苏联第一夫人树立了一个大胆的形象,她说话直接,举止优雅,穿着时尚。作为一名训练有素的社会学家,她在莫斯科一所大学认识了米哈伊尔,他们都在那里学习。

“一天晚上,我们牵着彼此的手去散步。我们一生都是这样走路的,”戈尔巴乔夫在2013年接受《Vogue》杂志采访时表示。赖莎陪他旅行,他们一起讨论政策和政治。

她自信的举止和突出的公众角色不受许多俄罗斯人的欢迎,他们也对戈尔巴乔夫产生了反感,并指责他的政策导致了后来的苏联解体。然而,在1999年,当赖莎因白血病即将去世的消息被披露时,这对夫妇赢得了同情。她的丈夫每天都接受电视记者的采访,这位有时听起来很高傲的老政客突然被视为一个情绪化、悲伤的顾家男人。

在赖莎去世后的二十多年里,戈尔巴乔夫一直对赖莎念念不忘,并接受了自己孤独鳏夫的身份。

2009年,他发行了一张包含7首浪漫歌曲的CD《songs for Raisa》,与俄罗斯著名音乐家兼吉他手安德烈·马卡列维奇(Andrei Makarevich)一起演唱。销售流向赖莎创办的慈善机构。几年后,他出版了一本献给她的书《独自一人》(Alone with Myself)。

他们的婚姻甚至成为了2021年莫斯科流行戏剧《戈尔巴乔夫》的主题。它的观点对俄罗斯来说是值得注意的:这个国家的领导人是一个优先考虑家庭、朋友和个人义务的人。其中一个场景讲述了戈尔巴乔夫职业生涯中的一个关键时刻:1991年共产主义政变失败后,他回到莫斯科。赖莎中风了,他没有立即回到政治舞台,而是去了医院陪她。

“我没有嫁给这个国家——俄罗斯或苏联,”戈尔巴乔夫在他的回忆录中写道。“我和我的妻子结婚了,那天晚上我和她一起去了医院。”

在莫斯科公墓,一座真人大小的赖莎雕像已经矗立在为他们两人准备的坟墓上很多年了。

戈尔巴乔夫夫妇育有女儿伊琳娜、两个孙女和一个曾孙女。尽管他对家庭很依恋,但戈尔巴乔夫在俄罗斯度过了他的一生,而他们住在德国。

米哈伊尔霍多尔科夫斯基(Mikhail Khodorkovsky)是后苏联时代早期的一名商人,目前流亡在伦敦。他本周在推特上说,戈尔巴乔夫的一大长处是他能够洗去“对皇位上的人的敬畏”,他对家庭的关注是这一点的一部分。

他改变了我的生活。还有他对赖莎·马克西莫夫娜的态度——这是戈尔巴乔夫的第二个重要教训。他走向她。安息吧。”